Costs

Costs

In this section, some of the costs which will occur in the context of pandemic influenza are determined.



/ week of work loss determines the average costs of one week of work loss. Please note that only severely sick working adults contribute to the total amount of work loss during their duration of disease and convalescence. Individuals with asymptomatic infection and moderately sick working adults continue to go to work as usual. Work loss which is caused indirectly because people take care of their sick or of their children during closing of day care centers and schools are not considered in the current version of the program. Nor are other reasons which may equally contribute to work loss (i.e. because of disturbancies in transportation and social structure or closing of factories etc).
/ outpatient determines the average costs of a medical consultation of a severely sick case. This value must be considered as an average over all ages and risk groups of patients. It does not distinquish between patients who can be taken care of at home and patients who need to be hospitalized; it does not include the costs of antiviral treatment nor the hospitalization costs.
/ hospitalization determines the average costs of the hospitalization of an extremely severe case. It has to be understood as an average value over all ages and risk groups of patients for the whole period of their hospitalization which includes all possible complications. It is not distinquished in the program whether the patient survives or dies of the disease.
/ antiviral treatment determines the average costs of an antiviral treatment. As antiviral treatment is given in the model only after seeking medical help, only the additional costs of antiviral treatment are to be given here.

Parameter settings

The pre-set values are chosen more or less arbitrarily. As these parameters also strongly depend on the population which is modelled, they may not adequately reflect reality. .

Cross-references

Antiviral treatment can reduce the duration of disease and contagiousness and can, thereby, reduce the costs caused by work loss.
The number of outpatients depends on the Basic reproduction number and on the relative frequency of courses of the disease.
Antiviral treatment can reduce the hospitalized fraction of cases and, thereby, the total hospitalization costs.

Output

These parameter changes directly influence the costs which will accumulate during the epidemic.

Literature

/ week of work loss, / outpatient, / hospitalization und / antiviral treatment:
The user has to adjust the pre-set valus to the modelled population..


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