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Reduction of contagiousness by [%] determines by what percentage the contagiousness of treated cases is reduces (compared to untreated cases with the same severity and in the same stage of infection). With a value of 50%, treated cases are only half as contagious as untreated ones. If a value of 100% is chosen, treated patients lose their contagiousness completely. |
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Reduction of disease duration by [%] determines by what percentage the remaining duration of a treated patient is reduced (compared to an untreated patient). With a value of 50%, treated cases are only half as long sick and contagious as untreated ones (i.e. they pass through the remaining stages of the contagious period at twice the speed of untreated patients). If a value of 100% was used, the treated patient would immediately become healthy again. This clinically unreasonable value is not allowed in the program (see below). |
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Reduction of hospitalization by [%] determines what percentage of hospitalizations of extremely sick patients can be prevented by antiviral treatment. With a value of 50%, half of the hospitalizations can be prevented; with 100%, all hospitalizations are prevented.. |
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A Reduction of disease duration by [%] of 100% leads to mathematical problems when solving the differential equations and is, therefore, not admitted in the program. |
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Reduction of contagiousness by [%] reduces the stage-specific contagiousness in the contagious period after seeking medical help and receiving treatment. |
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Reduction of disease duration by [%] reduces the remaining duration of contagiousness after seeking medical help and receiving treatment. |
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Reduction of hospitalization by [%] reduces the fraction of hospitalizations. As deaths due to influenca occur in the program only in patients who are (or ought to be) hospitalized, treatment of extremely severe cases indirectly also reduces the number of deaths. |
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The epidemiologic effect of antiviral treatments depends on the number of patinets who are treated and how many ressources are available for treatment. |
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The period of convalescence after severe (or extremely severe) disease is not changed by antiviral treatment in the model. |
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The parameters Reduction of contagiousness by [%] and Reduction of disease duration by [%] reduce transmission and, thereby, influence the transmission curves. |
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The parameter Reduction of disease duration by [%] reduces the weeks of work loss and the corresponding cumulative curve and costs. |
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The parameters Reduction of disease duration by [%] and Reduction of hospitalization by [%] reduce reduce the number of hospital beds which are occupied at any time. The latter one also influences the cumulative number of hospitalizations and the associated costs. |
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Reduction of contagiousness by [%]:
Longini IM Jr., Halloran ME, Nizam A, Yang Y: Containing pandemic influenza with antiviral agents. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 159: 623-633. |
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Reduction of disease duration by [%]:
Longini IM Jr., Halloran ME, Nizam A, Yang Y: Containing pandemic influenza with antiviral agents. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 159: 623-633. |
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Reduction of hospitalization by [%]:
Kaiser L, Wat C, Mills T, Mahoney P, Ward P, Hayden F: Impact of oseltamivir treatment on influenza-related lower respiratory tract complications and hospitalizations. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003; 163: 1667-72. |
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