Main key:
1.Spores navicular Hyphodontiella multiseptata
1.Spores subglobose, ellibsoid, cylidrical or allantoid 2
2.Hyphae without clamps Key A
2.Hyphae with clamps 3
3.Hymenium irpicoid or poroid Key B
3.Hymenium odontioid, grandinioid or smooth 4
4.Spores very narrow allantoid Key C
4.Spores cylindrical, ellipsoid or subglobose 5
5.Cystidia arise only from the subiculum Key F
5.Cystidia arise from the hymenium or subhymenium 6
6.Hymenium smooth to slightly grandinioid Key D
6.Hymenium clearly odontioid Key E
Key A: Clamps absent
1.Basidia with two spores H.efibulata
1.Basidia with four spores 2
2.Spores ellipsoid H.tetraspora
2.Spores subglobose H.subglobosa
Key B: Hymenium irpicoid or poroid
1.Monomitic 7
1.Pseudodimitic or dimitic 2
2.Arthroconidia produced by bristle-like diverticles
on the upside of the basidiocarp 3
2.Arthroconidia producing diverticles absent at all 4
3.Arthrokonidia longer than 10 µm Ech.aculeifera
3.Arthrokonidia shorter than 10 µm Ech.hydnophorus
4.Hymenium irpicoid Sch.paradoxa
4.Hymenium poroid 5
5.Basidiocarp resupinat Sch.radula
5.Basidiocarp effused-reflexed to pileat 6
6.Lagenocystidia with strong crystalline
incrusted tip Sch.cystidiata
6.Lagenocystidia with weak crystalline
incrusted tip Sch.flavipora
7.Spores narrowly allantoid H.latitans
7.Spores ellipsoid or cylindrical 8
8.Hymenium irpicoid H.spathulata
8.Hymenium poroid 9
9.Spores longer than 6 µm, cylindrical H.nothofagi
9.Spores shorter than 6 µm, ellipsoid bis subglobose 10
10.Sp.wider than 4 µm, subglobose H.apacheriensis
10.Sp.narrower than 4 µm, ellipsoid H.niemelaei
Key C: Spores very narrowly allantoid, or half circled
1.Cystidia tubular, thick-walled (tramacystidia) 3
1.Cystidia tubular, thin-walled (tramacystidia) 2
2.Sp.very narrowly allantoid H.alutacea
2.Sp.half circled H.curvispora
3.Hymenium clearly efigurated (grandinioid or odontioid) 5
3.Hymenium completely smooth 4
4.Sp.wider than 2 µm H.cineracea
4.Sp.narrower than 2 µm H.altaica
5.Hym.clearly odontioid H.floccosa
5.Hym.smooth bis warzig H.subalutacea
Key D: Hymenium smooth to slightly grandinioid
1.Basidiocarp with a clear abrupt margin H.juniperi
1.Basidiocarp with a diffus margin 2
2.Septocystidia and lagenocystidia absent 6
2.Septocystidia or lagenocystidia present 3
3.Very long septocystidia present, at least with 3 cells 4
3.Septocystidia absent or with only 2-3 cells H. alutaria
4.Spores longer than 6 µm H. propinqua
4.Spores shorter than 6 µm 5
5.Spores narrower than 3 µm H. pallidula
5.Spores wider than 3 µm H. alba
6.Capitate cystidia absent 10
6.Capitate cystidia present 7
7.Hymenium chalky white and hyphae
strongly incrusted with crystals 8
7.Hymenium not chalky white 9
8.Spores finely ornamented H.griselinae
8.Spores smooth H.sambuci
9.Moniliform cystidia present H.halonata
9.Moniliform cystidia absent H.sambuci
10.Spindel like cystidia absent 12
10.Spindel like cystidia present 11
11.Spindel like cystidia scattered in the
hymenium H.hastata
11.Spindel like cystidia only in the
sterile tips of aculei H.hastifer
12.Cystidia apically tapering, basally somewhat ventricose,
irregular in shape, up to 30 µm long H.juniperi
12.Cystidia apically obtuse, basally ventricose,
50-100 µm long H.tenuicystidiata
Key E: Hymenium clearly odontioid
1.Basidiocarp with a diffus margin 4
1.Basidiocarp with a clear abrupt margin 2
2.Spores wider than 3.5 µm H.pruni
2.Spores narrower than 3.5 µm 3
3.Capitate hyphal ends with a cap of exsudate
present in all parts of the basidiocarp H.quercina
3.Capitate hyphal ends absent H.crustosa
4.Lagenocystidia absent 6
4.Lagenocystidia present 5
5.Capitate cystidia present H.arguta
5.Capitate cystidia absent H.wrightii
6.Hymenium chalky white and hyphae strongly
incrusted with crystals 7
6.Hymenium not chalky white 8
7.Spores finely ornamented H.griselinae
7.Spores smooth H.fimbriata
8.Moniliform cystidia absent 11
8.Moniliform cystidia present 9
9.Capitate cystidia absent H.mollis
9.Capitate cystidia present 10
10.Aculei very small, max.1 mm high H.breviseta
10.Aculei up to 2 mm high, spatulate H.spathulata
11.Capitate ventricose cystidia absent 20
11.Capitate ventricose cystidia present 12
12.Hyphal ends of the aculei capitate and obtus 17
12.Hyphal ends of the aculei subulate and obtus 13
13.Hyphae of the aculei not sinuose H.quercina
13.Hyphae of the aculei sinuose 14
14.Spores not glued together H.pruni
14.Spores glued together (spore balls) 15
15.Spores shorter than 7 µm H.candidissima
15.Spores longer than 7 µm 16
16.Spores wider than 4 µm H.capitata
16.Spores narrower than 4 µm H.adhaerispora
17.Spores longer than 6 µm H.quercina
17.Spores shorter than 6 µm 18
18.Spores norrower than 3 µm H.nespori
18.Spores wider than 3 µm 19
19.Aculei up to 50 µm high H.rimosissima
19.Aculei up to 500 µm high H.aspera
20.Hyphae of the aculei strongly sinuose H.serpentiformis
20.Hyphae of the aculei not sinuose 21
21.Spores not glued together 23
21.Spores glued together (spore balls) 22
22 Sp. longer than 7 µm H.adhaerispora
22.Sp. shorter than 7 µm H.candidissima
23.Ventricose cystidia up to 30 µm long,
with a short tapering tip H.crustosa
23.Ventricose cystidia up to 50-75 µm long,
with a long and tapering tip 24
24.Spores longer than 5.5 µm H.knysnana
24.Spores shorter than 5.5 µm H.nudiseta
Key F: Cystidia arise only from the subiculum (tubular tramacystidia)
1.Crystals in the basidiocarp absent, but
apical incrustation of cystidia possible 8
1.Crystals in the basidiocarp present 2
2.Crystals flat, covering thick-walled hyphae 5
2.Crystals ball-like 3
3.Spores obviously thick-walled (0.5 µm) H.detritica
3.Spores thin-walled 4
4.Hyphae of the aculei sinuous H.serpentiformis
4.Hyphae of the aculei not sinuous and capitate hyphal ends
in basal parts of the basidiocarp present H.lanata
5.Spores globose to subglobose H.brevidens
5.Spores ellipsoid, cylindrical or somewhat allantoid 6
6.Hymenium smooth H.alienata
6.Hymenium odontioid 7
7.Spores ellipsoid H.gossypina
7.Spores cylindrical to slightly allantoid H.tomentosa
8.Hymenium smooth H.alienata
8.Hymenium grandinioid to odontioid 9
9.Spores longer than 4.5 µm 12
9.Spores shorter than 4.5 µm 10
10.Spores narrower than 2.5 µm H.microspora
10.Spores wider than 2.5 µm 11
11.Clamps on basal hyphae present H.palmae
11.Clamps on basal hyphae absent H.orasinusensis
12.Aculei up to 3 mm high, on deciduous
wood H.barba-jovis
12.Aculei not higher than 1 mm, on coniferous
wood H.abieticola