Hyphodontia juniperi

(Bourd. & Galz.) John Eriksson & Hjortst. 1976, in Eriksson & Ryvarden, The Corticiaceae of North Europe, Vol. 4, p. 666.

Select illustrations:

Synonyms:

=Corticium serum var. juniperi Bourdot & Galzin 1911, Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 27: 246.: Type: France, Les Causses, on Juniperus communis und J. phoenicia, Herbarium PC.
= Hyphodontia stratosa Hjortst. in Herb.: Holotype: Kenya, Eastern Prov., Nyeri distr., Mt. Kenya, southern slope, Regati forest St., 2200-2300 m alt., leg. L. Ryvarden 02.-03.02.1973, LR 9798, Herbarium O.; Paratype: Ethiopia, Arussi Prov., Wondo Genet, 12 km south-east of Shashmene, ca. 1900 m alt., 7°5 N 38°45 E, leg. L. Ryvarden 08.-09.01.1973, Herbarium O. Tanzania, Arusha Prov., Arusha National ark, Mt. Meru, eastrn slopethe cater, 1800-2300 m alt., 3°14 S 36°47 E, leg. L. Ryvarden, LR 10025, Herbarium O.

Macomorphology:

Resupinate smooth to finely verrucose, white to yellowish, margin distict, 50 to 1000 µm thick, herbarium specimens often with a cracked hymenium.

Micromorphology:

Spores:: 5-7 x 3-4 µm, ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, with one droplet each (herbarium specimens often without droplets).
Basidia:: 20-30 x 4-5 µm, suburniform with one to two constrictions and one basal clamp each, often internal basidial repetition.
Sterigmata:: Four, 3-4 µm long.
Cystidia:: Subulate cystidia, basal slightly ventricose (Eriksson & Ryvarden 1976, p. 1067: "cystidiols"), very various in size and form.
Clamps:: All primary septa with one clamp each.
Hyphae:: Hyphal system monomitic. Basal, subicular and subhymenial hyphae 2-3 µm in diameter, thin-walled to thick-walled (< 0.5 µm). Because of internal basidial repetition there are many empty haphae present in the sunhymenium, which make it quite difficult to analyze the hyphal structure. All hyphae can be more or less incrusted with crystalls, which are not soluble in 5% KOH solution. In older basidiocarps an accumulation of the cystalls appear in layers.

Habitate and substrate:

Arid, warm areas.
Mainly on Cupressaceae: Juniperus, Cupressus, Thuja. Other substrates: Pinus, Buxus.

Biogeography:

Africa, North Ameria as well as Europe, exclusively boreal areas.

Remarks:

H. juniperi could easily be mixed up with H. crustosa, except in temperate areas. These two species differ in the surface of their fruit bodies and in the morphology of the spores.

	H. juniperi	H. crustosa
Spore size:	5-7 x 3-4 µm	5-7 x 2.5-3.5 µm
Spore form:	ellipsoid	narrow ellipsoid to cylindric
Hymenium:	smooth to finely verrucose	finely verruculose to odontioid
Cystidia:	subulate	subulate, partial with apical papilla
Substrate:	mainly Cupressaceae	deciduous wood

H. stratosa Hjortst. in herb., which here is used as synonym to H. juniperi, has a very thick, hard, tuberculate basidiocarp, that obviously could become very large (20 x 10 cm). Typical is the distict margin of the basidiocarp. The sole difference to H. juniperi, which Hjortstam (personal communication) shows, is the layering of the basidiocarp, that however also appears in European specimens. Within the analyzed material there are herbarium specimens which are intermediate between H. juniperi s.str. and H. stratosa (specimen from Greece , leg. T. Hallingbäck, 19.4.1975). The layering of the basidiocarp could be caused by restarting growth after a favourable climate. The incrusation with crystalls are caused by aridity.
Comparable circumstances accordung to the substrate and the micromorphology could be found in H. sambuci. The limitations in the substrat spectrum outside tropical areas go along with a decrease in the variability of characters.

Temperate fruit body thin uniform micromorph areas substrate: Cupressaceae substrate: Sambucus Tropics fruit body thin up to huge spores and cystiden various substrate: wood substrate: wood

	H. juniperi	H. sambuci
Temperate	basidiocarp thin	uniform micromorphology
areas	substrate: mainly Cupressaceae	substrate: Sambucus
Tropical	basidiocarp thin to thick	spores and cystidia variable
areas	substrate: wood	substrate: wood

Herbarium specimens:

Sweden, Gotland, Stenkyrka, north-east of Ekebys, Steinfluren, on a dead little branch of Juniperus, leg. K.-H. Larsson, Juni 1981, Herbarium GB.
Sweden, Gotland, Sundre sn., Hallbjens, dune in a forest next to the way along the coast, on Juniperus communis, leg. I. Nordin, 08.10.1985, Herbarium GB.
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Hagelloch, Rosenau, ca. 450 m alt., on wood and bark of Juniperus communis, leg. E. Langer, 12.10.1988, GEL 758, Herbarium G. & E. Langer.
Spain, Canaries, Gran Canaria, near Tejeda, on a fallen branch of Pinus canariensis, leg. N. Hallenberg, 29.02.1984, NH 8173, Herbarium GB.
Spain, Guadalaja Prov., Maranchon, 1300 m alt., on Juniperus sp., leg. L. Ryvarden, 06.11.1977, LR 14610, Herbarium O.
Macedonia, Porece, Oce Doline, on Juniperus excelsus, leg. V. Lindtner, 09.05.1937, Lindtner 4072, Herbarium BEO.
Greece, Kreta, Prov. Chania, Xyloskala-Pass, next to the Omalos-Pavillon, 1090 m alt., on a dead branch of Cupressus sempervirens, leg. T. Hallingbäck, 19.04.1975, Herbarium GB.
Iran, Mazanderan, Jangale khoshkedaran, near Shashavar, on a still hanging branch of Buxus sp., L. & N. Hallenberg & D. Ershad, 11.07.1976, Herbarium GB.
Ethiopia, Arussi Prov., Wondo Genet, 12 south-east of Shashmene, ca. 1900 m alt., 7°5´N 38°45´E, leg. L. Ryvarden 08.-09.01.1973, Herbarium O.
Kenya, Eastern Prov., Nyeri distr., Mt. Kenya, southern slope, Regati forest St., 2200-2300 m alt., leg. L. Ryvarden 02.-03.02.1973, LR 9798, Herbarium O.
Tanzania, Arusha Prov., Arusha Nat. Park, Mt. Meru, eastern slope, street to the crater, 1800-2300 m alt., 3°14´S 36°47´E, leg. L. Ryvarden, LR 10025, Herbarium O.
Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Goldstream River, on Thuja branch, leg. N. Hallenberg, 11.08.1988, NH 10628, Herbarium GB.
Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Goldstream River, on Thuja branch, leg. N. Hallenberg, 11.08.1988, NH 10648, Herbarium GB.
Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Goldstream River, on Thuja branch, leg. N. Hallenberg, 11.08.1988, NH 10649, Herbarium GB.

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Dr. Ewald Langer - 14. Febr. 1996
ewald.langer@uni-tuebingen.de