Hyphodontia sambuci

(Pers.: Fr.) John Eriksson 1959
Symb. Bot. Ups. 16(1): 104.

Select illustrations:

Corticium sambuci Pers.: Fr. 1794, Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 111.: = Hyphoderma sambuci (Pers.: Fr.) Jül. 1974, Persoonia 8(1): 80.
Hyphodontia hariotii (Bres.) Parm. 1968, Consp. Syst. Cortic., S. 122.: = Corticium hariotii Bres. 1920, Ann. Mycol. 18(1-3): 48.

Macromorphology:

Resupinate, smooth ,conspicuous chalky white color, margin thinning out, ca. 50-100 µm thick. Colored photo in Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986) , Picture No. 139.

Micromorphology:

Spores:: 4.5-7 x 3.5-4.5 µm, ellipsoid, cylindric up to suballantoid, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid, with one droplet each. Look up typical spores.
Basidia:: 18-35 x 4-5 µm, suburniform, mostly with two costrictions and one basal clamp each, sometimes with basidial repetition .
Sterigmata:: Four, 4-5 µm long.
Cystidia:: Capitate cystidia with a cap of exsudat, 19-33 x 3.5-5 µm, basal incrusted with crystals, which are not soluble in 5 % KOH solution.
Clamps:: All primarysepta with one clamp each.
Hyphae:: Hyphal system monomitic. Subhymenial hyphae 3-4 µm in diameter, thin-walled, Hyphae densely running. Hyphae strongly incrusted with crystals, which are not soluble in 5 % KOH solution. Basal hyphae 2.5-4 µm in diameter, little thick-walled, hyphae loosely interwoven. Hyphal branching by subseptal outgrowing or by outgrowing of clamps.

Habitate and Substrate:

Especially on deciduous wood. Often growing as aerophyt on dead but still hanging branches: Fraxinus, Berberis, Nothofagus, Ulmus, Populus, Sambucus, Hedera, Ribes, Symphoricarpus. Rarely on conifers: Cryptomeria.

Biogeography:

Cosmopolic. Cunningham (1963) mentions specimens in Australia and New Zealand.

Remarks:

H. sambuci occures in North Europe mostly on Sambucus nigra . But there is a much bigger spectrum of substrates in warmer regions in southern areas . Also the variability of micromorphology increases in the tropics. The macromorphological characteristics however always stay the same: the basidiocarp with chalky white color and often growing as aerophyte on dead branches of trees and bushes, that are still attached to the tree. H. sambuci consists of a complex of species (Eriksson & Ryvarden 1976) . Similar species with capitate cystidia ; thin-walled hyphae and exactly the same chalky white fruit body are H. griselinae and H. fimbriata. The can be differentiated by their spores and morphology of their basidiocarp.


Spores smooth

  Hymenium smooth.......................H. sambuci

  Hymenium odontioid....................H. fimbriata

Spores with verruculose ornamented......H. griselinae

The taxonomical position of H. sambuci was not clear for a long time. Eriksson (1958) first placed this species in the genus of Hyphodontia, but later on he followed the concept of Jülich, who considered a position in Hyphoderma because of the relative big basidia of H. sambuci (Jülich 1974) . The ultra structure of the dolipores pores with continuous parenthesomes of H. sambuci (Langer & Oberwinkler 1993) gives a clear delimiting character to Hyphoderma which has dolipores with perforated parenthesomes.

Herbarium specimens:

Sweden, Västmanland, Västerås, Kristinagatan 6, old garden, on Ribes grossularia together with Phellinus ribi, leg. I. Nordin, 03.11.1979, Herbarium GB.
Sweden, Gotland, Öja sn., Burgsvik, railway station, on a cultivated Symphoricarpus rivularis, leg. I. Nordin, 03.01.1980, Herbarium GB.
Finland, Rovaniemi, Pisavaara, ca. 1 km east of Vartijan Asunto, leg. V. Kujala, J. Eriksson, 30.08.1960, Herbarium GB.
Estland, Pärnu, Nigula Nat. Res, leg. L. Ryvarden, Herbarium O.
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Sandhausen, ca. 150 m alt., forest with Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, on Sambucus nigra, leg. E. Langer, R. Bauer, 27.11.1990, GEL 2208, Herbarium G. & E. Langer.
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Bebenhausen, Ahrenbachtal, Becklesgarten, 380 m alt., on Sambucus nigra, leg. E. Langer, 21.10.1989, GEL 2091, Herbarium G. & E. Langer.
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Hagelloch, near the cemetery , ca. 400 m alt., on Sambucus nigra, leg. E. Langer, 17.12.1987, GEL 609, Herbarium G. & E. Langer.
Austria, Tirol, Pitztal, old way in the valley in direction to Ritzenried, ca. 600 m alt., on Sambucus racemosus, leg. G. & E. Langer, 13.09.1989, GEL 2045, Herbarium G. & E. Langer.
Italy, Latina, Cicero National Park, Selva de Cicero, on Hedera helix, leg. K. Hjortstam, K.-H. Larsson, L. Ryvarden, 22.-25.10.1984, Hjm 15023, Herbarium GB.
Former Yugoslavia, Kocewski Rog, Prelesnikova kolisevka, on a living, standing and lying dead branches of Sambucus nigra, leg. S. Hocevar, M. Tortic, 04. und 20.05.1977, Herbarium O.
Spain, Canary Islands, Teneriffa, Cruce las Carboneras, hacia la fuente de Los Pulgos, leg. L. Ryvarden, 20.02.1989, LR 26567, Herbarium O.
Spain, Canary Islands, La Palma, Velhoco, 2 km west of Santa Cruz de la Palma, in a deciduous forest, leg. L. Ryvarden, 10.01.1974, LR 12429, Herbarium O.
Iran, Gorgan, Jangale kabud val, near Aliabad, in a closed Parrotia-forest with Carpinus, Quercus and Acer in a deep river valley, on a fallen branch, leg. L. & N. Hallenberg, D. Ershad, 05.07.1976, Herbarium GB.
La Réunion, Cilaos, route de Bras Sec, on the bark of a little branch of cf. Cryptomeria, leg. G. Gilles, 15.04.1985, LY 11134, Herbarium LY.
Kenya, Eastern Prov., Meru Distr., Mt. Kenya, north-eastern slope, Chigora track, 1900-2200 m alt., 0°5´S 37°35´E, leg. L. Ryvarden, 31.01.-01.02.1973, LR 9599B, Herbarium O.
Tanzania, Lushoto Distr., Usambara Mts., Magamba, ca. 4 km north of Lushoto, 1600-2000 m alt., 4°50´S 38°15´E, leg. L. Ryvarden, 21.22.02.1973, LR 10899, Herbarium O.
Canada, Ontario, Algonquin Prov. Park, forest with Picea mariana, Abies and Populus, next to the path in a pog, on a fallen trunk of Polulus sp., leg. N. Hallenberg, J. Ginns, 18.09.1982, NH 7328, Herbarium GB.
Canada, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Slough, E.M.A.C., on Carex (?), leg. G.R. Bisby, M. Timonin, 03.09.1933, Herbarium DAOM.
USA, Wisconsin, Fond du Lac County, Kettle Moraine State Forest, Mauthe Lake, on Ulmus americana, leg. H.H. Burdsall jr., 10.11.1975, No. 8719, Herbarium GB.
Argentinia, Tierra del Fuego, Lapataia Nationalpark, 15 km west of Ushuaia, on Nothofagus sp., leg. L. Ryvarden, 19.-20.02.1982, LR 19243, Herbarium O.
Argentinia, Tierra del Fuego, Ensadada, 15 km west of Ushuaia, on Berberis sp., leg. L. Ryvarden, 22.02.1982, LR 19433b, Herbarium O.
Nepal, Gandaki Prov., Pokhara, 1200 m alt., leg. L. Ryvarden, 27.10.1979, LR 18507, Herbarium O.
China, Jilin, Chang Bai Shan, Hangcong gon, on Fraxinus sp., leg. L. Ryvarden, 11.-17.09.1983, LR 21726, Herbarium O.
Japan, Ibaraki Pref., Mt. Tsubaki, auf Cryptomeria japonica, leg. L. Ryvarden, 07.11.1991, LR 30380, Herbarium O.
Taiwan, Gu-Kuan, recreation area, ca. 900-1200 m alt., on a thin branch, leg. E. & G. Langer, 15.07.1990, FO 42750, Herbarium F. Oberwinkler.
Taiwan, Nantou, south of Sun-Moon-Lake near Hua lien, Lien-Hua-Chi, ca. 700 m alt., leg. E. & G. Langer, F. Oberwinkler, 09.07.1990, FO 42552, Herbarium F. Oberwinkler.
Taiwan, Pintung, National Park Kenting, ca. 200 m alt., leg. E. & G. Langer, F. Oberwinkler, 30.06.1990, FO 42008, Herbarium F. Oberwinkler.

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Dr. Ewald Langer - 10. Nov. 1995
ewald.langer@uni-tuebingen.de