Beiträge zum deutschen Föderalismus
Henrik Scheller
S. 257-271
On 1th January 2005 one of the largest reforms of the German social security system since the second world war took effect. After a difficult legislation process Bundestag and Bundesrat passed the Fourth Act for modern services on the labour market (Hartz IV). The main goal of this act was to fuse the formerly independent security systems of Arbeitslosenhilfe (unemployment insurance) and Sozialhilfe (social insurance) and to create only one system of social security besides the regular unemployment benefits. In the past the responsibility for these systems were divided: The municipalities had to take care for people who had a claim on social insurance, and the federal level (Bund) had the obligation to pay the Arbeitslosenhilfe. This division of competences opened the possibility for both sides to charge the other federal level with the fiscal consequences. The newly created system of social security (Grundsicherung für Arbeitssuchende) was designed to bring this dubious practice to an end. As a side effect, Bund and Länder also hoped to reduce the costs for social security and to put unemployed persons faster into work than in the past. This article examines how the legislator chose to solve the fusion of two former autonomous systems of social security. We show that fundamental decisions in particular policy-fields like the fusion of the unemployment insurance and the social insurance leads to problems with the federal structure and the division of competence in the federal state.
Hartz IV and its effects on the federal fiscal system are discussed by very few articles. One of the most interesting aspects of the Fourth Act for modern services on the labour market (Hartz IV) is the fact that it was conceptualized in parallel to the discussion in the joint commission of Bundestag und Bundesrat for a modernization of the German federalism. This debate was specially dominated by the demand for a decartelization of the competences of Bund and Länder. At the same time new kinds of fiscal entanglements were established with Hartz IV especially between the Bund and the local level which did not exist before.
Zitiervorschlag für diesen Artikel:
Scheller, Henrik 2006: Die Auswirkungen von Hartz IV auf die föderativen Finanzbeziehungen zwischen Bund und Ländern, in: Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2006.
Föderalismus, Subsidiarität und Regionen in Europa, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, S. 257-271.
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